| 1. だけ (dake): only, just | 2. だろう (darou): probably | 3. で (de): at, in | 4. でしょう (deshou): I think, probably |
| 5. が (ga): but, however | 6. がある (gaaru): there is (non-living) | 7. がいる (gairu): there is (living things) | 8. Vたほうがいい (hou ga ii) 1: it’d be better to |
| 9. Vないほうがいい (hou ga ii) 2: it’d be better to not | 10. いちばん (ichiban): the most | 11. か (ka) 1: or (A or B, choice between 2 objects) | 12. から (kara) 1: because, since |
| 13. から (kara) – 2: from | 14. けれども (keredomo): but, although | 15. くらい (kurai): about, approximately | 16. まだ (mada): still, not yet |
| 17. まえに (mae ni): before | 18. Vませんか (masen ka): let’s, won’t you | 19. Vましょう (mashou): let’s, shall we | 20. も (mo): also, too, as well |
| 21. もう (mo): already, anymore | 22. な (na): don’t do | 23. Vないでください (naidekudasai): please don’t | 24. なる (naru): to become |
| 25. に (ni): in, at, to, for | 26. に/へ (ni/e): to | 27. V(ます)にいく (ni iku): to go in order to | 28. Nounにする (nisuru): to decide on |
| 29. Vdicのがじょうず (no ga jouzu): to be good at | 30. Vdicのがすき (no ga suki): like / love doing | 31. Vdicのがへた (no ga heta): to be bad at | 32. V(ます)すぎる (sugiru): too much |
| 33. Vたい (tai): want to | 34. Vたことがある (takotogaaru): have done before | 35. Vている (teiru): is/are/am doing | 36. Vてもいい (temo ii): is okay, is alright to, can |
| 37. Vてから (tekara): after doing | 38. Vてはいけない (tewaikenai): must not, may not | 39. と (to): and, with | 40. つもりだ: plan to, intend to |
| 41. や (ya): and | 42. より ~ のほうが ~ (yori ~ nohouga ~): is more ~ than | . | . |
| 1. あまり～ない (amari~nai): not very, not much | 2. あとで (ato de): after, later | 3. ば (ba): if… then | 4. 場合は (baai wa): in the event of |
| 5. だけで (dake de): just by | 6. だす (dasu): to suddenly begin, to suddenly appear | 7. でも (demo): or something | 8. でございます (de gozaimasu): to be (honorific) |
| 9. がる (garu): to show signs of, to feel, to think | 10. がする (ga suru): smell, hear, taste | 11. ごろ (goro): around, about | 12. ございます (gozaimasu): to be, to exist (honorific) |
| 13. はじめる (hajimeru): to start, to begin to | 14. はずがない (hazu ga nai): cannot be | 15. ひつよう (hitsuyou): need, necessary | 16. ひつようがある (hitsuyou ga aru): it is necessary to |
| 17. ほしい (hoshii): to want something, to be in need of | 18. いらっしゃる (irassharu): to be, to come, to go | 19. いたす (itasu): to do (honorific) | 20. じゃないか (janai ka): isn’t it |
| 21. かどうか (ka dou ka): whether or not | 22. かい (kai): (turns a sentence into a yes/no question) | 23. かもしれない (kamoshirenai): might, maybe | 24. かた (kata): how to |
| 25. かしら (kashira): I wonder | 26. ことができる (koto ga dekiru): can, be able to | 27. までに (made ni): by, by the time | 28. みたい (mitai): like, similar to, resembling |
| 29. など (nado): such as, things like | 30. ながら (nagara): while, during, as | 31. ないで (naide): without doing, don’t | 32. なければいけない/なければならない (nakereba ikenai/nakereba naranai): must do, have to do |
| 33. なくてはいけない/なくてはならない (nakutewa ikenai/nakutewa naranai): must do, have to do | 34. なくてもいい (nakute mo ii): don’t have to | 35. なら (nara): if, in case, as for | 36. なさい (nasai): (command/order somebody to do something) |
| 37. なさる (nasaru): to do (honorific) | 38. に気がつく (ni ki ga tsuku): to notice, to realize | 39. にくい (nikui): difficult to, hard to | 40. にみえる (ni mieru): to look, to seem, to appear |
| 41. のなかで (no naka de): in, among | 42. のに(noni) – 1: in order to | 43. のに (noni) – 2: although, in spite of, even though | 44. のように / のような (no you ni/no you na): like, similar to |
| 45. お～ください (o~kudasai): please do (honorific) | 46. お～になる (o~ni naru): to do (honorific) | 47. おきに (oki ni): repeated at intervals, every | 48. おわる (owaru): to finish, to end |
| 49. られる (rareru) – 1: to be able to do something | 50. られる (rareru) – 2: (passive voice) | 51. らしい (rashii): seems like | 52. さ (sa): (nominalizer for adjectives) |
| 53. させる (saseru): to make/let somebody do something | 54. させられる (saserareru): to be made to do something | 55. さすが (sasuga): as one would expect | 56. し～し (shi~shi): and |
| 57. しか～ない (shika~nai): there’s only | 58. そんなに (sonna ni): so, so much, like that | 59. それでも (sore demo): but still, and yet | 60. そうだ (sou da): it looks to me, I heard that |
| 61. たばかり (ta bakari): just did, something just happaned | 62. たがる (tagaru): to want to | 63. たら (tara): if, after, when | 64. たらどう (tara dou): why don’t you |
| 65. たり～たり (tari~tari): do such things like | 66. たところ (ta tokoro): just finished doing, was just doing | 67. てあげる (te ageru): to do something for someone | 68. てほしい (te hoshii): I need you to |
| 69. ていく (te iku): to go on, to start | 70. ているところ (teiru tokoro): in the process of doing | 71. ていただけませんか (te itadakemasen ka): could you please | 72. てくれる (te kureru): to do something for someone |
| 73. てくる (te kuru): to come to, to become, to continue | 74. てみる (te miru): to try to | 75. ても／でも (temo / demo): even if, even though | 76. てもらう (te morau): to get somebody to do something |
| 77. ておく (te oku): to do something in advance | 78. てしまう (te shimau): to do something by accident, to finish completely | 79. てすみません (te sumimasen): I’m sorry for | 80. てよかった (te yokatta): I’m glad that |
| 81. と～と、どちらが (to~to, dochira ga): which one | 82. ということ (to iu koto): (changes a sentence or phrase into a Noun) | 83. といってもいい (to itte mo ii): you could say, you might say | 84. といわれている (to iwarete iru): it is said that |
| 85. とか～とか (toka ~ toka): among other things, such as | 86. とき (toki): when, at the time | 87. ときいた (to kiita): I heard that | 88. ところ (tokoro): about to, on the verge of |
| 89. とみえる (to mieru): it seems that | 90. とおもう (to omou): I think, you think | 91. つづける (tsuzukeru): to continue | 92. やすい (yasui): easy to, likely to |
| 93. より (yori): than | 94. よていだ (yotei da): plan to, intend to | 95. ようだ (you da): it seems that, it appears that, it looks like | 96. ようになる (you ni naru): to reach the point that |
| 97. ようにする (you ni suru): to try to, to make sure that | 98. ようとおもう (you to omou): I think I will | 99. ぜんぜん (zenzen): (not) at all | . |
| 1. あまり (amari): too much | 2. ば～ほど (ba ~ hodo): the more… the more | 3. ばいい (ba ii): should, can, it’d be good if | 4. ばかり (bakari): only, nothing but |
| 5. ばかりだ (bakari da): continue to | 6. ばかりでなく (bakari denaku): not only… but also, as well as | 7. ばかりに (bakari ni): because, on account of | 8. ばよかった (ba yokatta): should have, it would have been better if |
| 9. べき (beki): must do, should do | 10. べきではない (beki dewa nai): must not do, should not do | 11. べつに～ない (betsu ni ~ nai): not really, not particularly | 12. だらけ (darake): covered all over in, full of |
| 13. どころか (dokoro ka): far from, anything but | 14. どんなに～ても (donna ni ~ temo): no matter how | 15. ふりをする (furi o suru): to pretend, to act as if | 16. がち (gachi): apt to do, tend to do |
| 17. がたい (gatai): hard to, difficult to | 18. ぎみ (gimi): -like, -looking | 19. はずだ (hazu da): it must be, it should be | 20. ほど (hodo): the more, to the extent that, so much… that |
| 21. ほど～ない (hodo ~ nai): is not as… as | 22. いくら～ても (ikura ~ temo): no matter how | 23. 一方だ (ippou da): more and more, continue to | 24. 一方で (ippou de): on one hand, on the other hand |
| 25. かけ (kake): half-, not yet finished | 26. から言うと (kara iu to): in terms of, from the point of view of | 27. 代わりに (kawari ni): instead of, in exchange for | 28. っけ (kke): what is… again? |
| 29. 決して～ない (kesshite ~ nai): never, by no means | 30. 切る (kiru): to do something completely to the end | 31. 切れない (kirenai): being too much to finish or complete | 32. きり (kiri): only, just |
| 33. こそ (koso): for sure (emphasize preceding word) | 34. こと (koto): (must) do | 35. ことだ (koto da): should | 36. ことがある (koto ga aru): there are times when |
| 37. ことか (koto ka): how…! what…! | 38. ことから (koto kara): from the fact that | 39. ことに (koto ni): unusually, especially | 40. ことになる (koto ni naru): it has been decided that |
| 41. ことにする (koto ni suru): to decide on | 42. ことはない (koto wa nai): there is no need to, never happens | 43. くらい (kurai): to the extent that, so… that | 44. くせに (kuse ni): even though, and yet, despite |
| 45. まま (mama): as it is | 46. まるで (maru de): as if, as though | 47. めったに～ない (metta ni ~ nai): hardly, rarely, seldom | 48. もの (mono): because (indicate reason or excuse) |
| 49. ものだ (mono da): used to do something, should do something | 50. もしかしたら (moshikashitara): perhaps, maybe | 51. 向き (muki): suitable for | 52. 向け(muke): intended for, aimed at |
| 53. ながらも (nagara mo): but, although, despite | 54. ないことはない (nai koto wa nai): can, is not impossible | 55. なんか / なんて (nanka / nante): such as, things like | 56. なぜなら (nazenara): because, the reason is |
| 57. んだって (ndatte): I heard that | 58. に違いない(ni chigai nai): I’m sure, no doubt that | 59. にかけて (ni kakete): over (a period), through, concerning | 60. に関する / に関して (ni kansu ru / ni kanshite): related to |
| 61. にかわって (ni kawatte): in stead of, on behalf of | 62. に比べて (ni kurabete): compared to | 63. において/ における (ni oite / ni okeru): in, on, at, as for, regarding | 64. にしては (ni shite wa): for, considering it’s |
| 65. にしても (ni shite mo): even if | 66. に対して (ni taishite): in contrast to, while, in regard to | 67. にとって (ni totte): to, for, concerning | 68. について (ni tsuite): concerning, regarding |
| 69. につれて (ni tsurete): as… then | 70. によると / によれば (ni yoru to / ni yoreba): according to | 71. によって / による (ni yotte / ni yoru): by means of, due to | 72. の間に (no aida ni): while, during |
| 73. をはじめ (o hajime): for example, starting with | 74. おかげで (okage de): thanks to, because of | 75. っぱなし (ppanashi): leaving something on, leaving something still in use | 76. っぽい (ppoi): -ish, -like |
| 77. さえ (sae): even | 78. さえ～ば (sae ~ ba): if only… then | 79. 最中に (saichuu ni): in the middle of | 80. せいで (sei de): because of |
| 81. 次第 (shidai): as soon as, dependent upon | 82. しかない (shika nai): have no choice but | 83. その結果 (sono kekka): as a result | 84. そうもない (sou mo nai): very unlikely to |
| 85. たびに (tabi ni): each time, everytime, whenever | 86. ために (tame ni) 1: for, for the sake of, in order to | 87. ために (tame ni) 2: because of, as a result of | 88. たらいい/といい (tara ii / to ii): it would be nice if, should, I hope |
| 89. たとえ～ても (tatoe ~ temo): even if… is the case | 90. たとたん (ta totan): just (now, at the moment), as soon as | 91. てごらん (te goran): (please) try to, (please) look | 92. てはじめて (te hajimete): not until, only after… did I |
| 93. てもかまわない (temo kamawanai): it doesn’t matter if | 94. といっても (to itte mo): although I say, although one might say | 95. という (to iu): called, named, as much as | 96. ということだ (to iu koto da): I’ve heard that, rumour has it that |
| 97. というのは (to iu nowa): means, is, because | 98. というと (to iu to): speaking of, if it were the case that | 99. というより (to iu yori): rather than | 100. ところで (tokoro de): by the way |
| 101. ところが (tokoro ga): even so, however, even though | 102. とおり (toori): in the way, the same as | 103. としたら / とすれば (to shitara / to sureba): if it were the case that, if we assume | 104. として (to shite): as (i.e. in the role of) |
| 105. とは限らない (towa kagiranai): not necessarily so, is not always true | 106. ついでに (tsuide ni): while you are at it, on the occasion | 107. つまり (tsumari): in other words; that is to say | 108. と共に (to tomo ni): together with |
| 109. うちに (uchi ni): while, before, doing | 110. 上で (ue de): after | 111. わけだ (wake da): for that reason, no wonder, as you’d expect | 112. わけではない (wake dewa nai): it doesn’t mean that, it is not the case |
| 113. わけがない (wake ga nai): there is no way that | 114. わけにはいかない (wake niwa ikanai): must not, can’t afford to | 115. わりに (wari ni): although, rather, unexpectedly | 116. ような気がする (you na ki ga suru): have a feeling that, think that |
| 117. ように (you ni): in order to, so that | 118. ようとする (you to suru): try to, be about to | 119. ようとしない (you to shinai): not try to, not make an effort to | 120. ずに (zuni): without doing |
| 121. ずにはいられない (zu niwa irarenai): can’t help but feel, can’t help but do | . | . |
| 1. あるいは (aruiwa): or, possibly | 2. ぶりに (buri ni): for the first time in | 3. ちっとも～ない (chitto mo~nai): not at all, not in the least | 4. だけあって (dake atte): …being the case, precisely because |
| 5. だけでなく (dake de naku): not only… but also | 6. だけましだ (dake mashi da): one should feel grateful for | 7. だけに (dake ni): …being the case, precisely because | 8. だけのことはある (dake no koto wa aru): no wonder, it’s not surprising that |
| 9. だけは (dake wa): to do all that one can | 10. だって (datte): because, but | 11. ではないか (dewa nai ka): let’s do something, why don’t we | 12. でしかない (de shika nai): merely, nothing but, no more than |
| 13. どころではない (dokoro dewa nai): this is not the time for… | 14. どうせ (douse): anyway, anyhow | 15. どうやら (dou yara): it seems like, it appears that | 16. える / うる (eru/uru): can, is possible |
| 17. えない (enai): unable to, cannot | 18. ふたたび (futatabi): again, once more | 19. ふうに (fuu ni): in a way (this way/that way/what way) | 20. げ (ge): [giving the appearance of] |
| 21. ごとに (goto ni): each, every, at intervals of | 22. 逆に (gyaku ni): on the contrary | 23. 以外 (igai): excepting, with the exception of | 24. いよいよ (iyoiyo): at last, finally |
| 25. 反面 (hanmen): on the other hand | 26. 果たして (hatashite): sure enough, really | 27. 以上 (ijou): because, now that | 28. 以上に (ijou ni): more than, no less than |
| 29. いきなり (ikinari): suddenly, all of a sudden | 30. いわゆる (iwayuru): so-called, so to speak | 31. 上 (jou): from the standpoint of | 32. か～ないのうちに (ka~nai no uchi ni): right after, as soon as |
| 33. かえって (kaette): on the contrary, rather, surprisingly | 34. かいがある(kai ga aru): it worths one’s effort to do something | 35. か何か (ka nanika): or something | 36. かねない (kanenai): might happen, might do something |
| 37. かねる (kaneru): unable to do something | 38. かのようだ (ka no you da): as if, just like | 39. からこそ (kara koso): precisely because | 40. から見ると (kara miru to): from the point of view of, by the look of |
| 41. からには (kara niwa): now that, since, so long as | 42. からして (kara shite): judging from, based on | 43. からすると / からすれば (kara suru to/kara sureba): judging from, considering | 44. からといって (kara to itte): just because |
| 45. かと思ったら / かと思うと (ka to omottara/ka to omou to): then again, just when, no sooner than | 46. 限り (kagiri): as long as, while… is the case | 47. 気 (ki): feel like | 48. っこない (kkonai): no chance of, … is definitely not possible |
| 49. ことだから (koto dakara): it is exactly because | 50. ことなく (koto naku): without doing something even once | 51. ことになっている (koto ni natte iru): to be expected to, to be scheduled to | 52. ことにはならない (koto niwa naranai): just because… doesn’t mean… |
| 53. ことは～が (koto wa~ga): although, but | 54. まい (mai): won’t, intend not to | 55. まったく～ない (mattaku~nai): not~at all | 56. も～ば～も (mo~ba~mo): …and… |
| 57. もかまわず (mo kamawazu): without worrying about | 58. ものだから (mono dakara): because, the reason is | 59. ものではない (mono dewa nai): shouldn’t do something, it’s impossible to do something | 60. ものがある (mono ga aru): [sentence-ending expression of strong judgement] |
| 61. ものか (mono ka): as if | 62. ものなら (mono nara): if one can do something | 63. ものの (mono no): but, although | 64. もっとも (motto mo): but then, although |
| 65. もう少しで (mou sukoshi de): almost, nearly | 66. むしろ (mushiro): rather, instead | 67. 中を (naka o): in, on | 68. なお (nao): [used to add more information to the sentence] |
| 69. ないではいられない (nai dewa irarenai): can’t help but feel, can’t help but do | 70. ないことには～ない (nai koto niwa~nai): unless you do something | 71. なくはない (naku wa nai): it’s not that…, can, may be | 72. なにも～ない (nani mo~nai): no need to |
| 73. ねばならない (neba naranai): have to, must | 74. にあたり (ni atari): at the time, on the occasion of | 75. に反して (ni han shite): against, contrary to | 76. にほかならない (ni hoka naranai): nothing but, none other than |
| 77. に限って (ni kagitte): only, particularly when | 78. に限らず (ni kagirazu): not just, not only… but also | 79. に限る (ni kagiru): nothing better than, there’s nothing like | 80. にかかわる (ni kakawaru): to relate to, to have to do with |
| 81. にかかわらず (ni kakawarazu): regardless of | 82. に決まっている (ni kimatte iru): I’m sure that… | 83. に越したことはない (ni koshita koto wa nai): it’s best that, there’s nothing better than | 84. に応えて (ni kotaete): in response to |
| 85. に加えて (ni kuwaete): in addition to | 86. に基づいて (ni motozuite): based on | 87. にもかかわらず (nimo kakawarazu): despite, in spite of, although | 88. に向かって (ni mukatte): towards, to face, to head to |
| 89. に応じて (ni oujite): depending on, in accordance with | 90. に際して (ni sai shite): on the occasion of, at the time of | 91. に先立ち (ni sakidachi): before, prior to | 92. にしろ / にせよ (ni shiro/ni seyo): though, even if, whether… or |
| 93. にしろ～にしろ (ni shiro~ni shiro): whether… or | 94. に従って (ni shitagatte): as, therefore | 95. にしたら (ni shitara): from the point of view of | 96. にしても～にしても (ni shite mo~ni shite mo): regardless of whether |
| 97. に相違ない (ni soui nai): without a doubt, certain, sure | 98. に沿って (ni sotte): along with, in accordance with | 99. に過ぎない (ni suginai): no more than, just, merely | 100. にて (nite): in, at |
| 101. に伴って (ni tomonatte): as, due to | 102. につけ (ni tsuke): both… and…, everytime something happens | 103. につき (ni tsuki): due to, because, per, each | 104. には (niwa): in order to, for |
| 105. にわたって (ni watatte): throughout, over (a period of time) | 106. のももっともだ (no mo mottomo da): no wonder, … is only natural | 107. のも当然だ (no mo touzen da): it’s only natural that, no wonder | 108. のもとで (no moto de): under |
| 109. のみならず (nominarazu): not only, besides, as well | 110. 抜きで/抜きにして (nuki de/nuki ni shite): leaving out, cutting out | 111. 抜く (nuku): to do something to the end | 112. お～願う (o~negau): could you please |
| 113. を～として (o~to shite): as | 114. を中心に (o chuushin ni): focused on, centered on | 115. をこめて (o komete): filled with | 116. をきっかけに (o kikkake ni): with… as a start, as a result of |
| 117. を契機に (o keiki ni): as a good opportunity to, as a result of | 118. をめぐって (o megutte): concerning, in regard to | 119. をもとに (o moto ni): based on, from | 120. を除いて (o nozoite): except, with the exception of |
| 121. を問わず (o towazu): regardless of | 122. を通じて/ を通して (o tsuujite/o tooshite): via, through | 123. おまけに (omake ni): to make matter worse | 124. おそらく (osoraku): perhaps, likely, probably |
| 125. 恐れがある (osore ga aru): there are fears that | 126. ろくに～ない (roku ni~nai): not doing something properly | 127. 際に (sai ni): at the time, in case of | 128. 幸い (saiwai): luckily, fortunately |
| 129. さらに (sara ni): furthermore, again, more and more | 130. せいぜい (seizei): at the most, at best | 131. せめて (semete): at least, at most | 132. 次第だ/ 次第で (shidai da/shidai de): depending on, so |
| 133. しかも (shikamo): moreover, furthermore | 134. したがって (shitagatte): therefore, accordingly | 135. その上 (sono ue): besides, in addition, furthermore | 136. それなのに (sore na noni): and yet, despite this |
| 137. それなら (sore nara): then, if that’s the case | 138. それにしても (sore ni shite mo): nevertheless, even so | 139. それとも (sore tomo): or, or else | 140. そういえば (sou ieba): come to think of it |
| 141. そうにない (sou ni nai): extremely unlikely to, showing no signs of | 142. そうすると (sou suru to): having done that | 143. 少しも～ない (sukoshi mo~nai): not one bit, not even a little | 144. すなわち (sunawachi): in other words |
| 145. たあげく (ta ageku): to end up, finally | 146. 直ちに (tadachi ni): at once, immediately | 147. たまえ (tamae): [order somebody to do something] | 148. た末 / の末 (ta sue/no sue): as a conclusion of |
| 149. 確かに (tashika ni): surely, certainly | 150. たって／だって (tatte / datte): even if, even though, no matter how | 151. たとえば (tatoeba): for example | 152. たところで (ta tokoro de): even if one does something |
| 153. てばかりはいられない (te bakari wa irarenai): can’t keep doing something | 154. てでも (te demo): even if I have to, by all means | 155. て以来 (te irai): since | 156. ていては (te ite wa): if one keeps doing something |
| 157. てからでないと (te kara denai to): unless, until | 158. てこそ (te koso): now that, since | 159. 手前 (temae): before, in front of, from one’s standpoint | 160. てならない (te naranai): very, extremely |
| 161. てしょうがない (te shou ga nai): very, extremely | 162. てたまらない (te tamaranai): very, extremely, can’t help but do | 163. て当然だ (te touzen da): natural, as a matter of course | 164. ては (tewa): if, since, one after another |
| 165. てはいられない (tewa irarenai): can’t afford to, unable to | 166. てはならない (tewa naranai): must not, cannot, should not | 167. 途中に/途中で (tochuu ni/tochuu de): on the way, in the middle of | 168. と同時に (to douji ni): at the same time as |
| 169. というふうに (to iu fuu ni): in such a way that | 170. ということは (to iu koto wa): that is to say | 171. というものだ (to iu mono da): something like…, something called… | 172. というものでもない (to iu mono demo nai): there is no guarantee that…, not necessarily |
| 173. といった (to itta): such… as | 174. とか (toka): I heard that… | 175. と考えられる (to kangaerareru): one can think that… | 176. ところだった (tokoro datta): was just about to do something |
| 177. ところに/ところへ (tokoro ni/tokoro e): at the time | 178. ところを見ると (tokoro o miru to): judging from, seeing that | 179. とっくに (tokku ni): already, long ago | 180. とも (tomo): even if, no matter |
| 181. としても (to shite mo): assuming, even if | 182. つもりで (tsumori de): with the intention of doing | 183. つつ (tsutsu): while, although | 184. つつある (tsutsu aru): to be doing |
| 185. 上に (ue ni): as well, besides, in addition to | 186. 上は (ue wa): now that, since | 187. は別として (wa betsu to shite): aside from | 188. はもとより (wa moto yori): also, let alone |
| 189. はともかく (wa tomokaku): whether or not | 190. わずかに (wazuka ni): slightly | 191. やがて (yagate): soon, before long, eventually | 192. やら～やら (yara~yara): such things as |
| 193. よりほかない (yori hoka nai): to have no choice but | 194. ようでは (you dewa): if | 195. ようがない/ようもない (you ga nai/you mo nai): there’s no way to, it’s impossible to | 196. 要するに (you suru ni): the point is |
| 197. ざるを得ない (zaru o enai): can’t help doing, have no choice but | 198. ずに済む (zu ni sumu): get by without doing something |
| 1. あえて (aete): dare to | 2. あくまでも (akumade mo): to the end, to the utmost degree | 3. 案の定 (an no jou): just as one thought | 4. あらかじめ (arakajime): beforehand, in advance |
| 5. あっての (atte no): to owe everything to | 6. 場合によっては (baai ni yotte wa): depending on the situation | 7. ばこそ (ba koso): only because | 8. ばそれまでだ (ba sore made da): if… then it’s over |
| 9. べからず (bekarazu): must not, should not | 10. べく (beku): in order to, should | 11. べくもない (beku mo nai): can’t | 12. びる (biru): seeming to be |
| 13. ぶり (buri): style, manner | 14. ぶる (buru): behaving like | 15. だに (dani): even | 16. だの～だの (dano~dano): and, and so forth |
| 17. であれ～であれ (de are~de are): whether A or B | 18. であれ/であろうと (de aru/de arou to): whoever/whatever/however | 19. でも何でもない (demo nan demo nai): not in the least | 20. でなくてなんだろう (denakute nan darou): must be, is definitely |
| 21. (で)すら (de sura): even | 22. ではあるまいか (dewa aru mai ka): I wonder if it’s not | 23. ではあるまいし (dewa aru mai shi): it’s not like, it isn’t as if | 24. ではすまない (dewa sumanai): it doesn’t end with just |
| 25. どうにも～ない (dou nimo~nai): not … by any means | 26. ふと (futo): accidentally, unexpectedly | 27. がてら (gatera): on the same occasion | 28. が早いか (ga hayai ka): as soon as |
| 29. が最後 (ga saigo): once something occurs, something else happens | 30. ごとき / ごとく (gotoki / gotoku): like, as if | 31. ぐるみ (gurumi): together with | 32. 羽目になる (hame ni naru): to end up with (something unpleasant) |
| 33. ひとつ (hitotsu): to give something a try | 34. ほどのことはない (hodo no koto wa nai): not worth, no need to | 35. ほかに～ない (hoka ni~nai): no other | 36. ほうがましだ (hou ga mashi da): I would rather |
| 37. いかなる (ikanaru): any kind of | 38. いかんでは / いかんによっては (ikan dewa / ikan ni yotte wa): depending on | 39. いかんによらず (ikan ni yorazu): regardless of | 40. いかに (ikani): how |
| 41. いかにも (ikanimo): indeed, really | 42. いまだに (ima da ni): still, even now | 43. いずれにせよ (izure nise yo): at any rate, in any case | 44. じみた (jimita): to look like |
| 45. 限りだ (kagiri da): I feel so | 46. かいもなく (kai mo naku): even though | 47. か否か (ka ina ka): whether or not | 48. 可能性がある (kanousei ga aru): there’s a possibility |
| 49. からある (kara aru): as much as, as many as | 50. かれ～かれ (kare~kare): or | 51. かたがた (katagata): while, for the purpose of | 52. かたわら (katawara): while, at the same time |
| 53. かつて (katsute): once, before | 54. 嫌いがある (kirai ga aru): to have a tendency to | 55. きっての (kitte no): the most … of all | 56. きりがない (kiri ga nai): there’s no end to |
| 57. 極まる/極まりない (kiwamaru/kiwamarinai): extremely | 58. 極めて (kiwamete): extremely, exceedingly | 59. ことだし (koto dashi): because, since | 60. ことごとく (koto gotoku): altogether, entirely |
| 61. ことなしに (koto nashi ni): without doing something | 62. ことのないよう (koto no nai you): so as not to | 63. こととて (kototote): because, since | 64. くらいなら (kurai nara): rather than |
| 65. くらいのものだ (kurai no mono da): only | 66. までだ (made da): only | 67. までもない (made mo nai): it’s not necessary to | 68. まじき (majiki): should not, must not |
| 69. ままに (mama ni): to do as | 70. まみれ (mamire): to be covered in | 71. まるっきり (marukkiri): totally, completely | 72. めく (meku): to show signs of |
| 73. もはや (mohaya): already, no longer | 74. も顧みず / を顧みず (mo kaerimizu / o kaerimizu): regardless of, despite | 75. もしないで (mo shinaide): without even doing | 76. もので (mono de): because, for that reason |
| 77. ものを (mono o): I wish, if only | 78. ものと思われる (mono to omowareru): to think, to suppose | 79. ものとして (mono toshite): to assume, to suppose | 80. もさることながら (mo saru koto nagara): not only… but also |
| 81. もしくは (moshikuwa): or, otherwise | 82. ながらに/ながらの (nagara ni/nagara no): while, during | 83. ないではおかない/ずにはおかない (nai dewa okanai/zu niwa okanai): will definitely, cannot not | 84. ないではすまない/ずにはすまない (nai dewa sumanai/zu niwa sumanai): must |
| 85. ないまでも (nai made mo): even if something isn’t done | 86. ないものか (nai mono ka): can’t we…?, can’t I…? | 87. ないものでもない (nai mono demo nai): (something) is not entirely impossible | 88. ないとも限らない (nai tomo kagiranai): might |
| 89. なくして (nakushite): without | 90. 何しろ (nani shiro): in any case, as you know | 91. なしに (nashi ni): without | 92. ならでは (nara dewa): uniquely applying to |
| 93. ならいざしらず (nara iza shirazu): I don’t know about A, but B | 94. なり (nari): as soon as | 95. なり～なり (nari~nari): or | 96. なりに/なりの (nari ni/nari no): in one’s own way or style |
| 97. なりとも (naritomo): even a little, at least | 98. なるべく (narubeku): as much as possible | 99. に値する (ni atai suru): to be worth, to deserve | 100. にあたらない (ni ataranai): it’s not worth, there’s no need to |
| 101. にあって (ni atte): at, during, in the condition of | 102. にひきかえ (ni hikikae): in contrast to | 103. に至るまで (ni itaru made): until, as far as | 104. に至っては (ni itatte wa): as for, when it comes to |
| 105. に言わせれば (ni iwasereba): if you ask, if one may say | 106. にかかっている (ni kakatte iru): to depend on | 107. にかたくない (ni katakunai): it’s not hard to | 108. にまつわる (ni matsuwaru): to be related to |
| 109. にもほどがある (nimo hodo ga aru): to have a limit, to go too far | 110. にもまして (ni momashite): more than, above | 111. に則って (ni nottotte): in accordance with | 112. に先駆けて (ni saki gakete): to be the first |
| 113. にしたって (ni shitatte): even, even if | 114. にして (ni shite): only, in (time span) | 115. に即して (ni sokushite): in keeping with | 116. にたえる/にたえない (ni taeru/ni taenai): can/can’t do something |
| 117. に足る/に足りる (ni taru/ni tariru): to be enough, to be worthy of | 118. に足りない (ni tarinai): to be not worth | 119. に照らして (ni terashite): in comparison with, according to | 120. にとどまらず (ni todomarazu): not limited to |
| 121. には及ばない (niwa oyobanai): there’s no need to | 122. によらず (ni yorazu): regardless of | 123. んばかりに (n bakari ni): as if, as though | 124. んがため (n ga tame): in order to |
| 125. の至り (no itari): utmost | 126. の極み (no kiwami): utmost | 127. のみか (nomika): not only… but also | 128. のなんのって (no nan no tte): extremely |
| 129. を踏まえて (o fumaete): based on | 130. を経て (o hete): through, after, via | 131. をいいことに (o ii koto ni): to take advantage of | 132. を限りに (o kagiri ni): starting from |
| 133. を兼ねて (o kanete): also for the purpose of | 134. を皮切りに (o kawakiri ni): starting with | 135. を機に (o ki ni): as an opportunity to | 136. を禁じえない (o kinjienai): can’t help but |
| 137. をものともせず (o monotomo sezu): in defiance of | 138. をもって (o motte) – 1: by means of | 139. をもって (o motte) – 2: at the time | 140. をおいて (o oite): other than, without |
| 141. を余儀なくされる (o yogi naku sareru): to be forced to do something | 142. をよそに (o yoso ni): despite | 143. 思いをする (omoi o suru): to feel | 144. 折に (ori ni): when, on the occasion |
| 145. およそ (oyoso): totally, (not) at all | 146. さもないと (samonaito): otherwise, else, if not so | 147. さぞ (sazo): I’m sure, I’m certain | 148. 始末だ (shimatsu da): end up, in the end |
| 149. そばから (soba kara): as soon as | 150. さも (samo): truly, really | 151. それなりに (sore nari ni): as it is, in its own way | 152. そうにもない (sou nimo nai): impossible, unlikely |
| 153. ただ～のみだ (tada~nomi da): can do nothing but | 154. た拍子に (ta hyoushi ni): the instant | 155. ためしがない (tameshi ga nai): (something) is never the case | 156. たりとも (taritomo): (not) even, (not) any |
| 157. た瞬間に (ta shunkan ni): the moment | 158. てっきり (tekkiri): surely, certainly | 159. てからというもの (te kara to iu mono): after, since | 160. てかなわない (te kanawanai): can’t stand, unable to |
| 161. てまで (te made): even | 162. てみせる (te miseru): I’ll definitely | 163. てもどうにもならない (temo dou nimo naranai): it’s no use | 164. ても始まらない (temo hajimaranai): it’s no use |
| 165. ても差し支えない (temo sashitsukaenai): can, it’s okay if | 166. てしかるべきだ (te shikaru beki da): should | 167. ってば (tteba): I said, I told you to | 168. てやまない (te yamanai): always, never stop |
| 169. と相まって (to aimatte): together with | 170. とあれば (to areba): if, if it’s the case that | 171. とあって (to atte): because of | 172. とばかりに (to bakari ni): as if, as though |
| 173. といえども (to ie domo): even, even if | 174. といい～といい (to ii~to ii): and, or | 175. といったらない (to ittara nai): very, extremely | 176. という (to iu): all, every |
| 177. というか (to iu ka): or, or more precisely | 178. というか～というか (to iu ka~to iu ka): (I’m not sure if it’s) A or B | 179. というところだ/といったところだ (to iu tokoro da/to itta tokoro da): approximately, about | 180. というもの (to iu mono): during a period of time |
| 181. というわけだ (to iu wake da): this means | 182. というわけではない (to iu wake dewa nai): it’s not that, it doesn’t mean that | 183. といわず (to iwazu): not just, both | 184. ときたら (tokitara): when it comes to, concerning |
| 185. ときている (to kite iru): because | 186. ところがある (tokoro ga aru): there is | 187. ところから (tokoro kara): from the fact that | 188. とみられる (to mirareru): to be regarded as, to be expected to |
| 189. とみるや (to miru ya): at the sight of, upon seeing | 190. ともなく (tomonaku): to do something without thinking about it | 191. ともなると/ともなれば (tomo naru to/tomo nareba): when, once (something happens) | 192. ともすれば (tomo sureba): apt to, prone to |
| 193. と思いきや (to omoikiya): I thought | 194. とりわけ (toriwake): especially | 195. とされる (to sareru): is considered | 196. とっさに (tossa ni): at once, right away |
| 197. としたって/としたところで (to shitatte/to shita tokoro de): even if | 198. として～ない (toshite~nai): not even one | 199. とて (tote): even if, even though | 200. とても～ない (totemo~nai): cannot possibly |
| 201. とは (towa): (indicates word or phrase being defined) | 202. とはいえ (towaie): nonetheless, although | 203. とはいうものの (towa iu mono no): having said that, be that as it may | 204. つ～つ (tsu~tsu): (indicates two contrasting actions) |
| 205. はおろか (wa oroka): let alone, not to mention | 206. はさておき (wa sateoki): setting aside | 207. や否や (ya ina ya): the moment that, as soon as | 208. やしない (yashinai): not (emphatic negative) |
| 209. (よ)うが/(よ)うと (you ga/you to): no matter how/what | 210. (よ)うが～まいが/(よ)うと～まいと (you ga~mai ga/you to~mai to): whether or not | 211. (よ)うか～まいか (you ka~mai ka): whether or not | 212. (よ)うものなら (you mono nara): if one chooses to |
| 213. (よ)うにも～ない (you nimo~nai): even if one tries to do something, it can’t be done | 214. ようによっては (you ni yotte wa): depending on | 215. ゆえに (yue ni): therefore, consequently | 216. ざる (zaru): not, -un |
| 217. ずじまい (zu jimai): never | 218. ずくめ (zukume): entirely, completely | 219. ずとも (zu tomo): even without doing |
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